If you are coming from a MySQL background, SHOW DATABASES; will not work.
Here are two different ways you can show PostgreSQL databases, using the command line:
The \l or \list command#
The psql command line interface, provides \l or \list commands, which presents a list of all available databases:
postgres=# \l
Good 'ol select#
Another way, is to just run a select against the pg_database system table:
postgres=# select * from pg_database;